Understanding Different Autopilot Versions
Autopilot 1 (AP1) Features and Identification
When looking to buy a used Tesla Model S, it’s crucial to understand the different Autopilot versions available. Autopilot 1, or AP1, was introduced in the third quarter of 2014. You can spot an AP1-equipped Model S by the rectangular sensor found at the center of the lower front grille. Note that some 2016 models might have an updated bumper but still contain the AP1 hardware. AP1 features include lane-keeping assistance and adaptive cruise control, making highway driving more comfortable. Keep an eye out for this version, as it boosts the car’s value without the high costs associated with newer technologies. Remember, an AP1 can enhance your driving experience without breaking the bank.
Autopilot 2 (AP2) Enhancements and Upgrades
Tesla introduced Autopilot 2 (AP2) in late 2016 as an upgrade to the original Autopilot system. AP2 included new features like side marker cameras on the front fenders, B-pillar cameras, and additional cameras at the top of the windshield. This advancement meant that cars equipped with AP2 could do more than those with the earlier AP1. Specifically, AP2 allowed for features such as Enhanced Autopilot (EAP), which made the car capable of changing lanes on its own and navigating highway interchanges automatically. Moreover, cars with AP2 had the advantage of receiving software updates that added Sentry Mode and Dashcam functionality. However, to view the videos captured by these features, the car must have the MCU2 unit. When considering a used Tesla Model S, it’s important to recognize the differences between Autopilot versions since they can significantly impact the car’s capabilities and also its resale value. A pre-owned Tesla with AP2 is generally more desirable and may command a higher price due to its enhanced features and future upgrade potential.
Autopilot 3 (AP3) and Full-Self-Driving Potential
Autopilot 3 (AP3) introduces significant advancements over earlier versions and sets the stage for full self-driving abilities. Introduced in April 2019, cars with AP3 hardware came with the promise of an advanced driving experience. While full-self-driving (FSD) isn’t fully realized yet, buying an AP3-enabled Tesla means getting closer to that future. The AP3 system may come with extra costs for activation but positions a pre-owned Tesla at the forefront of auto tech. If weighing between various autopilot versions, consider AP3 for its potential to enhance resale value too due to its FSD readiness. Remember, the actual features you can use depend on the software package the car comes with, and if it has the Full Self-Driving package purchased and activated by a previous owner or not. Always check with the seller about the status of these features.
Importance of Service Records and Vehicle History
Acquiring Service History from Sellers
Understanding a Tesla’s past can be like reading a story about its life. When you plan to buy a used Tesla Model S, knowing this story is key. One chapter of this story is the service history. The seller should show you all the service records before they take the car off their Tesla account. Look in the mobile app’s service section to get these records. These records will tell you what fixes and checks the car has had. This history is important because there’s a 1-year warranty on parts that the seller had to pay for. Make sure you get PDF copies of these records from the seller. This step will help you know what repairs may come up soon. It can also help you talk about the price and know if the Tesla’s in good shape.
Impact of Service Records on Warranty and Repairs
Service records for a pre-owned Tesla Model S are more than just paperwork; they’re a key part of its history and future. They show past repairs and maintenance, which can give you insight into the car’s health. But their impact goes beyond that, especially when it comes to the warranty and potential repairs.
If the Tesla still falls within its warranty period, it’s service records could mean certain repairs may be covered, saving you a lot of money. For those looking at cars out of warranty, a good history of service can indicate a well-maintained vehicle, meaning less chance of near-future expenses. But if the records hint at recurring issues, it might signal upcoming costly repairs.
An important detail is that Tesla’s warranty for cars purchased pre-February 2020 includes an 8-year, unlimited mile warranty on the battery and drive unit — but only for manufacturing failures, not normal wear and tear. Knowing if the Model S you’re eyeing is still under this warranty could affect your decision, as replacing a battery or drive unit could set you back $5,000 to $22,000.
In summary, service records are a vital factor in your decision-making. They can significantly influence warranty claims and foresee future repair needs, impacting both your peace of mind and your wallet.
Warranty Considerations for Pre-Owned Teslas
The Significance of Pre-February 2020 Warranty Terms
If you’re considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, pay attention to warranties, especially on cars built before February 2020. Before this date, Tesla offered an attractive warranty. It covered the high voltage battery and drive units for 8 years with no limit on miles. This means, even for cars with high mileage, the battery and motor could be replaced by Tesla if they failed, although it doesn’t include natural battery degradation. Savvy buyers should look for cars with this warranty still active. The cost of replacing a Tesla battery can be high, starting around $14,000 for a refurbished one to $22,000 for a new battery. Drive units, or the motors for the wheels, can also cost from $5,000 to $8,000. In contrast, Tesla Model S vehicles produced after February 2020 come with an 8-year warranty limited to 150,000 miles and guaranteeing at least 70% battery capacity. When buying a pre-owned Tesla, consider the pre-February 2020 models for the best warranty protection for major components.
What the 8-Year, Unlimited Mile Warranty Covers
If you’re considering buying a pre-owned Tesla Model S, it’s important to understand the warranty. Particularly, what does the 8-year, unlimited mile warranty cover? This warranty, available on Teslas built before February 2020, is quite generous. It covers the high voltage battery and the drive unit but please note it doesn’t cover normal degradation. The high voltage battery is a hefty cost item – a remanufactured one costs about $14,000, while a new one is closer to $22,000. The drive units, which power the wheels, can cost between $5,000 and $8,000. So, having this warranty can save you a significant amount of money on these critical components. Remember, after February 2020, this warranty changed to 8 years and 150,000 miles, with a minimum 70% battery capacity retention, so check the build date of the vehicle.
Handling Battery and Drive Unit Warranties
When buying a used Tesla Model S, it’s important to consider the battery and drive unit warranties. These parts can be expensive to replace, so a good warranty can save you a lot of money. Cars built before February 2020 came with an 8-year, unlimited miles warranty, which covers failures but not regular wear down. Look for a Tesla with some of this warranty left. If it’s almost over, the cost of potential replacements – up to $22,000 for a new battery and $5,000-$8,000 for a new drive unit – should be factored into the price negotiations. Knowing the warranty details helps you understand what might be covered and make an informed decision.
Body and Exterior Features Inspection
Checking Motorized Lift Gate and Tech Package
When inspecting a used Tesla Model S, don’t overlook the motorized lift gate and the tech package. The presence of a motorized lift gate generally indicates the car has the tech package. This package often includes features like auto-folding mirrors, adaptive cornering lights, illuminated door handles, and an advanced GPS system. If you open the car door and spot a light strip under the armrest, that’s a clue the car has ambient lighting, which dims with the dashboard lights for a cozy ambiance.
To investigate these elements, start by operating the lift gate. It should open and close smoothly. If any issues arise or if it’s not present, this could influence the car’s value. Make sure to verify the tech package is working as expected; test the folding mirrors and the lighting to ensure they’re functional. If any of these features are defective or missing, consider negotiating the price down to account for future repair costs or for the absence of the package.
Identifying and Assessing Exterior Lighting Issues
When checking a used Tesla Model S, don’t miss inspecting the exterior lighting. Head to the front and ensure the LED strips in the headlights are fully bright. If they’re dim or partly lit, it may hint at malfunctions. Next, look at the tail lights; they must be working right. A non-functioning tail light could mean a steep repair cost, over $400. Spotting issues with these lights can help in bargaining down the sale price, especially if these aren’t covered by warranty anymore. It’s also smart to keep an eye out for other minor issues like panel gaps or condensation in the lights since these can be common in many Teslas. Bring up any problems you find with the seller. They might lower the price if repairs are needed and not under warranty. Protect your investment and get the best deal on your pre-owned Tesla by being thorough in your exterior light checks.
Panel Gaps and Potential Minor Cosmetic Defects
When looking at used Tesla Model S cars, keep an eye out for panel gaps and cosmetic issues. Panel gaps can mean the panels on the car, like the hood or doors, aren’t lined up perfectly. This is a common issue with Teslas and is usually not a huge deal, but it is worth checking. Minor cosmetic defects might be small scratches, dings, or paint chips. These small issues can often be fixed without too much trouble or cost. However, they can help you negotiate a better price. Remember, even small imperfections can sometimes get a discount on the car’s selling price.
Roof and Leak Issues
Checking Sunroof Operation and Leak Signs
When considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, checking the roof for leaks is crucial. Make sure to fully open and close the sunroof to ensure it operates smoothly without any hiccups. While inspecting, keep an eye out for signs of water damage, especially around the A and C pillars. Stains on the headliner could indicate past leaks. These leaks can lead to costly repairs, as the sunroof assembly, known as the ‘cassette,’ can cost upwards of $5,000. Any evidence of leaks should be discussed with the seller, especially in relation to the existing warranty or previous repairs. If the car is out of warranty, this issue should be factored into the negotiation, as it could mean a significant future expense. Additionally, clean up any water stains with a cotton towel and some fabric cleaner, but remember this is only a cosmetic fix.
Consequences of a Leaky Roof and Repair Costs
A leaky roof on a pre-owned Tesla Model S can lead to a range of problems. Water entering the interior can cause damage to upholstery, electronics, and the car’s structure. Over time, this may result in mold, a musty smell, or even electrical failures. Repairing a leaky roof can be costly, often involving the replacement of seals or the entire sunroof cartridge, which alone costs around $5,000. Additionally, labor charges increase the bill. When inspecting a used Model S, check for signs of leaks, especially around the A and C pillars. Always ask the seller if there have been previous repairs and whether they’re covered by warranty. If out of warranty and repairs are necessary, use this to negotiate a lower purchase price. Remember, the Tesla’s high-tech features and luxury elements make it crucial to ensure all parts, including the roof, are in top condition to avoid hefty repair bills later on.
Door Handles and Generations
The Evolution of Tesla’s Self-Presenting Door Handles
Tesla’s self-presenting door handles are an iconic feature that have evolved over time. Originally introduced in 2012, these handles would slide out when the owner approached, giving the car a sleek, futuristic appeal. However, the first generation of these handles have been notorious for malfunctions, often requiring replacements. Tesla made improvements with the second-generation handles around 2015, and further enhancements with the third-generation handles in 2017, which proved to be more reliable. When considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, it’s beneficial to check if the door handles have been upgraded or replaced and to review any service records documenting such work. Understanding the generation of the door handles can also play a role in negotiating the vehicle’s price, as earlier versions may anticipate future repair expenses.
Repair Costs and Questions to Ask the Seller
When considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, pay close attention to the door handles. Tesla has produced three generations of self-presenting door handles. Early models are more likely to fail and could be costly to replace. It’s wise to ask the seller about any replacements. A door handle fix may charge hundreds of dollars. Negotiate the price if the car has the original handles. Request service records showing any handle repairs. This can reassure you that the vehicle was well-maintained. To sum up, for peace of mind, check the door handle history and consider potential repair costs.
Interior Comfort and Seating Options
Comparing 1st and 2nd Generation Seats
The Tesla Model S has had two primary front seat designs. The 1st generation seats, with a center seam and less thigh support, were in the earlier models up to some 2016 vehicles. While 2nd generation seats, introduced later, offer a bucket style and better support for comfort during rides. The Model S has also seen a variety of rear bench designs, changing over time for improved passenger comfort. Knowing the seat generation in a pre-owned Tesla Model S can impact the driving experience. Buyers should consider this when comparing different Model S options and pricing, as it influences overall comfort and interior feel.
The Different Styles of Model S Rear Bench
When looking at a pre-owned Tesla Model S, it’s important to consider the style of the rear bench seat. The Model S has offered four different rear bench designs over its production run. The original flat bench is the standard type found in most Model S vehicles. It’s convenient for cargo as it folds down flat, offering more storage space. However, it’s not the most comfortable for passengers sitting in the back. Then there was the ‘Executive Seat’ option in 2015, featuring two bucket seats with a built-in console, offering a more premium feel but lacking the fold-down function. Another choice was the first-generation contoured bench, which had some divisions to minimize sliding; it was a rare find and also did not fold down flat. Lastly, the second-gen contoured bench added a middle hump to prevent sliding but improved cargo versatility by allowing the seats to fold down. Each of these bench styles comes with its pros and cons in terms of comfort and utility, so it’s worth considering which type suits your needs best as you inspect the vehicle.
Material Options and Replacement Costs
When looking at a pre-owned Tesla Model S, check for the interior materials. Leather, textile, and vegan options are common. The leather adds a premium feel, but vegan material is eco-friendly. Seats may show wear over time. If the material is in poor shape, replacement costs can be high.
Replacing front seats with used second-gen seats costs around $2k. Rear seats are about $3k. If you prefer a different material, consider these costs when buying. A car with worn seats could reduce the asking price.
Discuss seat conditions with the seller. If the car has original seats, the price should reflect the potential update to a newer style. Budget for these changes if you plan to upgrade the interior of your Tesla.
Instrument Panel and Media Control Unit (MCU)
Differences Between MCU1 and MCU2
When choosing a used Tesla Model S, it’s important to understand the differences between the MCU1 and MCU2. The MCU1, found in models from 2012 to mid-2018, operates slower with 3G connectivity, which can impact the speed of map loading and responsiveness. On the other hand, MCU2, introduced in mid-2018, includes a faster processor, LTE connection, and the ability to stream video services like Netflix and YouTube. Remember that the MCU directly impacts your driving experience, as it controls media, navigation, and camera feeds. Additionally, be aware that MCU1 can show signs of wear, such as a yellow border or bubbling on the screen, which can be repaired or replaced at a Tesla Service Center.
Potential Screen Issues and Upgrade Options
The Tesla Model S’s central touchscreen, known as the Media Control Unit or MCU, may face issues over time. Owners have reported problems like slow response, yellow banding around the screen, and even screen failure. These problems can occur with both the first version (MCU1) and the second version (MCU2). MCU1 is often slower and uses a 3G connection, making map loading sluggish. Upgrading from MCU1 to MCU2 is an option for around $1,500, which includes a faster processor and LTE for improved performance. When purchasing a used Model S, it’s wise to check the MCU’s condition and negotiate the price if an upgrade is needed. Remember that a yellow border can be fixed cheaply, so that shouldn’t be a deal-breaker. Buyers should factor in potential upgrade costs when evaluating the purchase price.
Wheels and Tire Wear
Assessing Rim Condition and Tire Tread Life
When looking at a pre-owned Tesla Model S, check the wheels and tires. Start by examining the condition of the rims. Look for scratches or dents, known as ‘curb rash.’ If you find damage, it could lower the car’s value. It’s also crucial to assess the tire tread. The tread should be even across the surface. Uneven or low tread, especially on the rear tires, can signal the need for soon replacement. Replacing Tesla tires can be costly, sometimes up to $400 each. Factor these into your negotiations. Remember, good wheels and tires are key to a smooth, safe drive.
Rear Tire Wear Patterns and Replacement Costs
When looking at the rear tires of a pre-owned Tesla Model S, notice the wear patterns. Tires should wear evenly; uneven wear could signal alignment or suspension issues. Specifically, check the inner tread blocks at the rear, as they often wear out faster. If this wear is significant, new tires will be needed, adding to your maintenance costs post-purchase.
When assessing replacement costs, consider that Tesla tires are a bit pricey. Rear tires can cost between $350 and $400 each. If you find the rear tires on the Tesla you’re considering are due for replacement soon, this should be factored into your negotiations. The price you offer should take into account the immediate expense you’ll face to replace the tires. Don’t hesitate to discuss this with the seller, and aim to reach an agreed price that reflects the cost of needed tire replacements.
Drive Unit Performance and Noise Diagnosis
Test Driving for Unusual Noises
When you’re test-driving a pre-owned Tesla Model S, listen for odd noises from the drive unit. Typical sounds during acceleration might include a high-pitch whine, which is normal. However, be alert for any grinding or clicking that could signal drive unit issues. Early models often needed drive unit replacements. It’s crucial to ensure the Tesla is still under its 8-year, unlimited mile warranty, to avoid paying for potential costly repairs.
Understanding the Importance of the Drive Unit and Battery Warranty
When considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, pay close attention to the drive unit and battery warranty. Together, they form the heart of the electric car experience. The drive unit, including the electric motors, transforms electrical energy into motion. The battery stores energy to power the vehicle. If either of these fails, you’ll be facing high costs. Repairs can run thousands of dollars, with battery replacements at $14,000 for a remanufactured unit or $22,000 for a new one, and drive units costing between $5,000 and $8,000. Hence, a Model S built before February 2020 is desirable because, until then, Tesla offered an 8-year warranty with unlimited mileage. This could save you a significant amount of money in the event of a drive unit or battery failure. After February 2020, the warranty became 8 years with a 150,000-mile limit and a guarantee of at least 70% battery capacity retention. Always confirm the Tesla you’re looking at still falls within these warranty terms. It’s one of the key benefits when purchasing a used Model S, safeguarding against potentially costly repairs.
Battery Size and Longevity
Pros and Cons of Different Battery Sizes
When buying a used Tesla Model S, the battery size is a key factor. Different sizes have pros and cons. For example, a 40kWh battery won’t last as long or charge as fast as larger ones. It doesn’t support supercharging and offers limited range, not good for a heavy car like the Model S. The older 60kWh had issues too, with faster wear and some not working with superchargers. However, later 60kWh versions were actually 75kWh but limited by software. You can pay to unlock the full capacity. The 70kWh also had an upgrade option. Still, the 85kWh is older and might charge slower now due to age. Plus, its warranty may soon end. Be wary of the first 90kWh versions from nosecone Model S’s. They had poor battery chemistry and degraded faster. Newer 90kWh packs feature a better design and degrade slower. Always aim for the largest battery you can afford, like the 100kWh. It gives the most range. Remember, in day-to-day use, don’t charge more than 90% to help your battery last longer. This practice also keeps the real-world range realistic compared to the range advertised by Tesla.
Implications for Charging and Real-World Range
When considering a pre-owned Tesla Model S, battery size has a direct impact on the car’s charging capabilities and its real-world range. Different battery sizes offer varying ranges, which can influence your daily use and long-distance travel. Larger batteries, like the 100kWh, provide longer ranges and are more suitable for those who frequently undertake longer trips. However, they may come with a higher initial cost. On the other hand, smaller batteries cost less but could require more frequent charging, especially on long drives. It’s also important to note that charging times can vary based on the battery size and the type of charging station used.
For efficient day-to-day use, buyers should look for the largest battery they can afford. This ensures that the range meets daily needs with less stress about charging frequency. Tesla recommends charging to 90% for everyday use to maintain battery health. Keep in mind that real-world range can be affected by driving habits, load, and environmental conditions like temperature and terrain. Therefore, it’s essential to evaluate your typical driving scenarios and choose a battery size that offers a comfortable buffer for your range requirements.
Final Recommendations for Buyers
Tips for Negotiating the Price
Negotiating a fair price for a pre-owned Tesla Model S can be tricky. Here are some tips to help you get the best deal possible. First, consider the car’s features and if they match your needs. Cars with Autopilot or a larger battery may cost more. It’s also wise to check if the Tesla has some warranty left, especially for the battery and drive unit, as these can be costly to repair. Additionally, gather details on the car’s service history to verify past maintenance and repairs. If the car is out of warranty or lacks service records, use this to negotiate a lower price. Always inspect the car closely for any issues, such as tire wear, exterior damage, or battery health. If you find problems, discuss them with the seller and ask for a price adjustment. And, remember that upgrades are possible, so a car with older features can still be a good buy. Try to keep negotiations friendly and respectful for the best outcome.
Prioritizing Features Based on Budget
When setting a budget for a used Tesla Model S, it’s crucial to balance desired features with your available funds. Start with essentials like the battery and high-voltage unit warranty. Prioritize versions with autopilot, checking for AP1 or higher. Service records also add value but may not be dealbreakers. Choose features based on everyday needs like seating comfort, tech package, and battery size. Larger batteries offer more range but cost more. Finally, negotiate for lower prices if there are issues to fix or upgrades needed, such as replacing first-gen door handles or upgrading the MCU.
